Immigration – Asylum seeker. The Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) (the UT) was to determine afresh the appellant Sri Lankan national's appeal against the refusal of asylum. The claim was based on alleged detention and torture by the Sri Lankan authorities. The Supreme Court held that, in the light of the serious lack of the appellant's credibility in several other areas of his evidence, the UT had been correct to address the possibility of wounding self-inflicted by proxy. However, in assessing the strength of the possibility, it had failed to weigh certain important matters. Further, the expert's handling of the evidence had been in accordance with the 1999 'Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment', known as the 'Istanbul Protocol'.