Town and country planning – Permission for development. The court previously held that an error of law had arisen because of a failure on the part of the first defendant Secretary of State (see [2015] All ER (D) 33 (May)). The second to fourth defendants contended that a declaration should be made, instead of a quashing order. The Administrative Court held that it was appropriate, in the exceptional circumstances of the case, to grant a declaration as to the unlawfulness that had occurred.