European Union – Freedom to provide services. The General Court of the European Union (Fourth Chamber) ruled, among other things, that arts 3 and 5 of Directive (EC) 2001/29 (on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society) had to be interpreted as precluding national legislation which excluded the right of authors to authorise or prohibit the communication of their works by a business, through the intentional distribution of a signal by means of a television or radio sets in the bedrooms of the establishment's patients. Article 16 of Directive 2006/123 (on services in the internal market) had to be interpreted as not precluding national legislation which reserved the exercise of collective management of copyright of certain protected works in the member state to a single collecting society.