Vicarious liability – Employer and employee. An incident at the defendants' bodywork repair shop occurred when a co-employee of the claimant, PW, used a cigarette lighter in the vicinity of the claimant, whose overalls had been sprinkled with a highly inflammable thinning agent. As a result, the overalls caught fire and caused the claimant injury. The judge found that the defendant was not vicariously liable for PW's actions. The Court of Appeal, Civil Division, in dismissing the claimant's appeal, held that the real cause of the claimant's injuries had been the conduct of PW, which could not be said to have occurred in the course of his employment.