European Union – Civil and commercial matters. The Court of Justice of the European Union gave a preliminary ruling in which it decided, among other things, that art 7(1)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 should be interpreted as meaning that, where a credit institution had granted a loan to two jointly and severally liable debtors, the 'place in a Member State where, under the contract, the services were provided or should have been provided', within the meaning of that provision, was, unless otherwise agreed, the place where that institution had its registered office, and that also applied with a view to determining the territorial jurisdiction of the court called upon to hear and determine an action for recourse between those joint debtors.